Global terrorism in modern civilization governing

 

 

 

LIPKAN Volodymyr Anatoliyovych

candidate for Doctor’s degree of National Academy of Internal Affairs of Ukraine,

candidate for Law Science 

Globalistics

Last time such branch of political science as globalistics is spread more and more. Of course, science not only predicts processes that have to take place in public sphere but also researches appearing ones.

After bipolar system collapse and establishing of no alternative model of civilization governing, when United States of America are the only ruler of the world and a necessity appeared to research processes of globalization. So, to obtain this goal, globalistics began to form as a new branch of political science.

There is no doubt that social-economic development, military force and consequently political image of all-powerful state make possible for naive utopists to think at first that problem of terrorism is solved with cold war end. Furthermore, quantity of states having nuclear weapon has grown subsequently after establishment of monopolar world system. For known reasons Ukraine is not a member of nuclear club yet but this is just a question of time and political will of country’s leadership.

Terrorism and national security of Ukraine

Parallel to these processes there is sudden and qualitative establishment and consolidation of transnational crime having serious scope and threatening national security[1]. Terrorism was not researched in Ukraine in proper level but terrorism is not something new for world civilization. And the fact that our state pays attention only to existing events and not burdens itself with even simple forecasts is the problem only of Ukraine and its intellectual elite because it is the prerogative of state to forecast events for some steps forward in the state. It is not joke to say that only 7[2] monographs are devoted to problems of terrorism fight in our great country but, of course, we do not take into account some historic researches! And terrorism is considered to be one of the most substantial threats to national security and is researched on serious methodological level in the rest of the world.

We can criticize Western conceptions for its political direction, one-sided representation of terrorism but we can criticize only written studies that are certain intellectual and analytical work and it finally testifies that existence of problem and necessity of its solution, proposals as to ways and means to solve it are realized. The same time we have to mention those who declare absence of scientific studies by Western researchers. In this case I would like to note that these authors do not have enough information and they wish to glorify themselves translating and quilting international studies on this issue.

Returning to consideration of main issue I would like to note that terrorism in Ukraine is not widespread, however nobody can guarantee that this sore will pass our state especially taking in account last events in the world and region. Ukraine is situated on the crossroads of some civilizations and can not save, even if it wanted so, keep neutral status. Analysis of geopolitical events in the world and geo historic characteristics of Ukraine let us to state that Ukraine being geostrategic leader of Europe is also its geopolitical center. Any attempts to picture history of Ukraine as part of Moscowia history or to show Holy Rus making reference on non-existence of Kyivskaya Rus or to verbalize empty in its essence and empty on its semiotics political legal doctrines constantly approve  goal to deprive Ukraine its glorious past. I can easily add to such kind of conceptions the Eurasian conception, founders of this conception are V.S. Soloviev and E.M. Trubetskoy, Neoeurasian conception by representatives of modern geopolitical fantasy O. Duhin, K. Hadjiev, S. Baburin etc., Panturanism conception and Norman theory that were covered widely in literature and were criticized by unprejudiced and impartial researches in Russia and abroad.

This all confirms the truth that if somebody is trying to deprive us our past, if are always said that Ukraine has no other way but to be with one or another than we are of great value. The main thing is to have own way and methodology which can be formed according to principle of keeping and provision own national interests. There is no other way of development for modern Ukraine. On my considered opinion the way of contraposition and one-sided acceptance of one or another position, we might even say geopolitical paternalism, do not correspond specific character of our state. Ukraine is doomed for geopolitical pluralism in management decisions that is not synonym of absence of clear position. This position can be only in provision of Ukrainian national interests.

All abovementioned earnestly testifies about impossibility to ignore modern tendencies of globalizm that result not only in positive changes but in negative changes too and terrorism plays outstanding role in it.

Except increasing executed terrorist acts and also uncontrolled growth of terrorist organizations we have also to state formation of terrorist criminality[3]. And this is the direct consequence of globalizm. Once again we have to mention that some researchers consider globalizm to have constructive character. So, for example, Russian researcher I. O. Vasilenko asserts that globalization is a new antientropic factor able to prevent humanity from environmental and moral catastrophes…it is the result of creative dialogue of world civilizations[4]. O.S. Panarin considers that globalization in its historic dynamics is object of global political forecasting: formation of united interdependent world where nations are not divided with usual protecting barriers and borders that simultaneously object their communication and prevent from bad external influences[5]. The same time S.L. Udovik considers globalizm is a myth[6].

Concerning I.O. Vasilenko’s thought I would like to say that in fact this “creative dialogue” displayed itself in increase of number of states having nuclear weapon, establishment and maintenance of permanent source of danger in Europe (former Republic of Yugoslavia), organization of financial crisis in Pacific region, economic crisis in Argentina, financial and economic dependence of states-debtors on IMF and growth of terrorism and other forms of multilevel suggestion. Such kind of enthusiastic “creation” inspired deployment of unprecedented cold war that was won with successful for United States final (collapse of Soviet Union and the only supercountry left on Olympus of the world) and gained new turns on wings of globalizm which some researchers are always trying to represent only as economic factor. At the same time, there is an interesting thought of V. Shtol’ on this issue who noted “In fact, real international economy left on the same level of  globalization as it was in the first three decades at the beginning of 20^th century and the most part of humanity (more than 50%) is not involved in globalization process[7]. In addition, it is impossible to disagree with S.L. Udovitsky who supposes that now we can see establishment of a group of highly developed self-sufficient countries separating from the most of world countries more and more, that is why there is growing understanding in the West that markets of developing countries have lack of prospects[8].

Prejudicialness concerning terrorism or aversion of globalizm?

We will speak not language of emotions but language of arguments, we will analyze reality as a system but not manipulate separate facts and finally we will be sincere as to role United States ever could not and will not handle with. On Richard Haas’s words, United States could not handle role of “effective sheriff of the world who is in permanent transformation”[9]. And it does not matter which politician or statesman personify American nation. We are talking about impossibility for one state to control the whole world. Scaffold is the final for any gendarme and it is not will of oppressed countries, this is the law of nature. The essence of any empire is to hold power as long as possible and to expand it. At the same time, taking in account cycles theory, we have to remember that peak of power is an acme, a short period, moment of truth when this empire, despite success of own system, can choose the other way to transform system of governing. On my opinion, polipolar system is the same ineffective as monopolar. At the same time without discussions as to problems of geopolitics I will define main leitmotiv of my own vision that can be divided in two modules: 1) globalization of modern terrorism is immediate consequence of globalization processes in the world; 2) modern terrorism can be considered through the prism of modern civilization governing and as real threat to international security system.

Terrorism and globalization

Regarding the first direction we have defined or it is better to say marked out contour of own vision. We have to make some notes before come to the second module.

I purposely do not stop on characteristics of terrorism, do not cite data on perpetrated terrorist actions and do not analyze reasons and conditions of terrorism expansion in separate country and in the whole world; I am assured you can easily find these data not only in my books but also in numerous studies of terrorism researchers. I decided to focus own scientific interest just to consider terrorism through the prism of globalization without review of aforesaid and redoubling well-known data.

In this aspect we have to note that globalization established excellent possibilities to make glamour of terrorists using mass media and cyber nets. It is not difficult to find information in internet about all terrorist movements, its members, slogans, numerous biographic data. The most of terrorist organizations are known not only to security services but to public too despite many of them are trying to keep its activity in secret. Halo of glory and popularity make heroes of terrorists. And though terrorist action of September 11^th 2001 for Americans was terrible event and crime, for many of Muslim countries it is a decisive step that condemns expansion of American substitute of culture into Eastern culture, values and way of living.

 

Antiterrorist legislation is a vital necessity

As to Ukraine there is a question: why do not we still have antiterrorist legislation[10]? Is it lack of danger feeling or devaluation of intellectual values? Almost everywhere in the world there are not only special squads but a number of legislative acts regulating legal relationships in sphere of terrorism fighting. And Ukraine still lingers and just adopted criminal responsibility for terrorist action. Once again, I will not go into theoretic discussions as to this criminal-legal norm that do not comply with strong demands as to provision of country’s interests in field of terrorism fighting and especially in field of national security because many specialists and me too wrote a lot on this issue.

The sense is in the other thing. Of course, if we call explosion in café at airport in Odessa at the beginning of 2002 or seizure of Agriculture Ministry premise by a farmer from Nikolaev city as terrorist actions then Ukraine do need not anything at all. And it is possible to institute a criminal case according to article 258 of Criminal Code of Ukraine appealing to strength and completeness of criminal legislation.

Shell we establish antiterrorist legislation only when there are real terrorist actions, when we see blood of our citizens and feel not sham and far-fetched fear but real and close fear for own life? Why should we always repeat our mistakes? Don’t we have enough experience of other countries, do we have to wait for beginning of terrorist war in Ukraine and then to form brokenly legislative basis that will not be adequate? I consider that such a way of “legislative initiative anemia” have lack of prospects and its rulers will lead Ukraine to unforeseen consequences. By the highest standards criminalization has to indicate not only existing crime but to prevent possible transformation of specific types of behavior to social-abnormal. From this point of view we can state that prevention of terrorism in Ukraine is on its embryonic stage.

We can not stay aside today from process of new global security system establishment. Ukraine has no right for it. At the same time it is impossible to say about possibility of its participation in such kind of systems and carrying out specific measures to fight different forms of extremism without legislative basis.

 

Methodological relativism and main issue of philosophy

No doubt, when we mark out substantial shortcomings in this field we have to focus our attention first of all at issues of higher order. Numerous attempts of terrorism phenomena researchers and those authors who joined them on conjuncture interests are to answer eternal question concerning reasons of its appearance and until now gave no results. So, in foreign literature there is a lot of researches related to history of terrorism appearance focusing its attention in general on Russian organization “Zemlya I volya” as one of the first terrorist organizations. There is no problem with criminological data on terrorism. However, we still can not say about real results and find way out. And there is a problem not only by the reason that given researches are theoretical. On my opinion, terrorism is researched using not correct methodology and research of these processes in the world is carried out on methodologically relative level[11].

In general we are speaking about an issue of philosophy. What is prior: spirit or matter? Will the answer on this question allow us to find out reasons and consequences of any social-abnormal activity or will it answer a question concerning perspectives and circumstances of globalization in the world? I doubt whether. That is why we can talk and think about abstract categories while it does not have to be so transcendent that accentualisation became a problem impossible to solve. On opinion of “Dead water” conception authors the main problems of generally useful philosophy are methodology and development of culture and consequences of human behavior that becomes predictable based on it. If the other main problem in world view is stated and is popularized in society as the key problem in relation to sense of living than all this garbage hinders to predict consequences of governing decisions in society. Such kind of society is unable to define goals of own development by itself, to achieve own defined goals, make analysis of events that is extremely important for governing correction. As the result, it loses ability for self-government and became an instrument in others hands[12].

 

Terrorism in civilization governing: globalist approach

According to generally accepted conception governing is understood as process of deliberate and purposeful influence of a subject of governing to an object to gain posed task. In mentioned case we can identify globalization process on modern stage of humanity development with expansion of American ideology, in other words influence of American elite on world society to reform it at own discretion. Any attempts to say about independence in politics of numerous states including France claiming for leadership and Germany trying to suppress American expansion along with France and many other economically developed countries but impotent toward the USA in political and military spheres are at least mistaken. The USA as subject of ruling is the guide and fanatic of globalization idea. Object of ruling is the world community includes Great Britain, Japan, Germany, France, and Canada. Last thesis of President Bush concerning possibility to use nuclear weapon against any state if any interests of United States infringed whether a state have nuclear weapon or not and U.S. Congress decision made in March 2002 demanding Ukraine to carry out elections fairly is a graphic evidence and confirmation of thesis expressed by former U.S. State Secretary Madlene Olbright: “we will maintain our presence everywhere where there is a necessity to protect our interests”[13]. And this presence is not only physical one.

Having defined object and subject of governing we can speak about principles of governing only through the prism of U.S. national interests: all processes in the world complying with national interests of the USA will be supported and the other will be anathematize blaming them to be undemocratic or terrorist regimes or in any other form not contradicting development of modern civilization. We can easily place among them conflict in Central Europe in former Yugoslavia, presence of countries supporting terrorism in Asia region and preventing measures can be used against these countries including bombing and embargo; permanent conflict between Palestine and Israel, encounter of India and Pakistan, Southern and Northern Korea and all of this establishes primeval possibility to manipulate instability waves in Asian region, economic crisis in Argentina… On my opinion we have to put a question as to formulation of a new applied theory of globalistics: theory of civilization governing in conditions of globalization.

Having defined subject and object of governing, outlined functions, principles and aim of this process a necessity arises to define range of means with outstanding role of terrorism as effective means for civilization ruling. I would like to offer the following hierarchical system of influence means as one of the variants:

1. World view informational character that lies in establishment of bipolar world of a man: we versus them. People who have the different point of view, whose hierarchical order of the world processes do not comply with generally recognized order are abandoned and their revolt having bloody forms is illegal. All of this changes basics of thinking culture and completeness of ruling activity because there is no protection of a human, there is only his further enslavement using slogans of necessity to fight terrorism.
2. Information of annalistic, chronological character that allows to pick out single processes apprehending “chaotic flow” of facts and events to world view sieve – personal measure of human perception.
3. Information of descriptive and factual character including religious doctrines of destructive cults, different ideologies of terrorism.
4. Economic processes as means of influence; it can be used to initiate or to neutralize terrorism.
5. Means of direct physical influence: nuclear threat, intervention of narcotics, tobacco and alcohol, food supplements and other environmental pollutants, transgene engineering and cloning.
6. Means of the lowest level of suggestion – common weapon and other means with direct damage.

Of course, given hierarchical table of influence means is not ideal, however it allows us to define sharply most probable means when terrorism can be used as mechanism of governing. Surely, at the highest level there are conceptually unacceptable governing decisions that can influence using terrorism directly or indirectly. When this set is used inside one system then it is the common means of governing. When these means are used by a system against another one then this is common weapon or instrument of war. Terrorism as mean of civilization governing in context of permanent globalization processes can not be applied to countries which governing system do not contradict basic principles of total system of governing (model of the USA).

Terrorization of globalizm

Of course, I did not intend to disparage globalization idea in the world or to show its negative character for the world. I had another goal: to demonstrate how globalization assists expansion of terrorism and how modern civilization is governed using terrorism. Of course, I did not covered thoroughly all issues and some of them are disputable and polemic, however I am sure that any study of terrorism fighting has to be carry out through the prism of globalization. Globalization as a process of conceptual model of civilization governing has a lot of means. Unfortunately, terrorism is among them. That is why, except urgent necessity of antiterrorist legislation we have to work out new methodology to study terrorism as a complex nonlinear dynamical self-organizing system. New methodology and comprehension of terrorism ties with globalization will bring in pithiness to research paradigm that finally will be applied to elaborate specific practical proposals as to neutralization of terrorism as mean of civilization governing and also negative consequences of globalization. I am sure it is not an easy work but it is feasible.